原作者：
来源Russian parliament: Stalin ordered Katyn massacre
译者MarkTwain
MOSCOW – The World War II Katyn massacres were committed on the direct order of Soviet dictator Josef Stalin, Russia's lower house of parliament said Friday — a statement hailed by Polish officials.
莫斯科——本周五，俄罗斯众议院宣称二战中的卡廷屠杀案被证实是由苏联最高独裁者约瑟夫斯大林直接下令执行的——而该声明得到了波兰政府的欢迎。
1940年春，大约2.2万名波兰军人、知识分子、政界人士和公职人员在卡廷森林、加里宁、哈尔科夫等地遭到苏联军队杀害的事件。卡廷惨案中,共有约2.2万波兰人被害,其中在卡廷森林被害的有4千余人。
The 1940 massacre of around 20,000 Polish officers and other prominent citizens in western Russia by Soviet secret police has long soured relations between the two countries. President Dmitry Medvedev will visit Poland in early December.
在1940年的西俄罗斯大约20000名波兰军官和其他杰出市民被苏联机密警方杀害的惨案长期令两国关系紧张。俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫将于12月初访问波兰。
Soviet propaganda for decades blamed the killings on the Nazis, but post-Soviet Russia previously acknowledged they were carried out by the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs, or NKVD — Stalin's much feared secret police.
苏联方面曾在数十年中将杀戮归罪于纳粹，但是后苏联时代的俄罗斯先前承认了杀戮是由主管国际事务的人民军需部（或称为NKVD——斯大林最为害怕的机密警队）执行的。
The statement passed by the State Duma appears aimed as a step toward Russia definitively breaking with its Soviet legacy.
这份由俄罗斯国家杜马发表的申明表面了俄罗斯与前苏联坚定断绝关系的决心。
Some observers have expressed alarm in recent years that Russia may be quietly rehabilitating Stalin. Last year, a quote praising Stalin was restored to the decoration of one of Moscow's busiest subway stations; this year, Moscow's mayor proposed allowing posters depicting Stalin as part of the annual celebrations of the defeat of Nazi Germany.
一些观察家最近表达出警告，认为俄罗斯可能会悄无声息中走上复辟斯大林的老路。去年，一句赞扬引句被恢复并装饰在莫斯科最繁忙的地铁站里。今年，莫斯科市市长提议允许在海报宣传中将斯大林描绘成庆祝战胜纳粹德国的一部分。
斯大林雕像一角
'This historic document is important not only for Russian-Polish relations — much more it is important for us ourselves,' said Konstantin Kosachev, chairman of the Duma's foreign relations committee, according to the news agency ITAR-Tass.
据ITAR-Tass通讯社报道：“这份历史性的文档不仅对俄罗斯-波兰两国的关系至关重要——它同时对我们自身也举足轻重，”国家杜马外交关系委员会主席Konstantin Kosachev如是说。
Russia has turned over scores of volumes of documents this year about Katyn to the Polish government.
俄罗斯在本年度已经将不计其数的卡廷惨案相关文档移交给波兰政府。
梅德韦杰夫正在向波兰总统移交相关文档
'Published materials, held in secret archives for many years, not only reveal the scale of this awful tragedy but show that the Katyn crime was committed on the direct order of Stalin and other Soviet leaders,' says the statement, which also expresses 'deep sympathy for the victims of this unjustified repression.'
“被隐藏多年的以发表材料，不仅仅揭示了这个人间惨剧的规模，同时也直接显示出这次罪行是在斯大林和其他前苏联领导的指挥下进行的。”该声明中如是写道，声明同时也表达出“对那次非正义性镇压的受害者深切的同情”。
Communist legislators tried to amend the statement to remove the naming of Stalin, but were defeated.
而共产党立法者曾尝试修改该申明，移除其中斯大林的名字，但我们驳回了他们的意图。
'The falsification of history that we are fighting against in other countries is also taking place in our country, and today we could see it with our own eyes,' Kosachev said of the amendment attempt. Russian officials frequently use the term 'falsification of history' to attack perceived attempts to underplay the importance of the Red Army in the fight against Nazi Germany.
“这种在其他国家中对历史进行歪曲的行为，在我们的国家也正在发生，而且就在我们的眼皮子低下。”Kosachev对那些意图篡改的行为如是评价。俄罗斯官方多次使用术语“歪曲历史”来回击那些希望降低红军在对纳粹德国的战争中所起到的作用的企图。
The head of the Polish parliament's foreign affairs committee, Andrzej Halicki, said he considered the Duma's statement to be a breakthrough.
波兰国会外交事务委员会主席Andrzej Halicki表示，他认为国家杜马的这次申明是一次历史性的突破。
'I am happy that such a process of reconciliation and truth is taking place,' he said. 'It is the first such act that proves that our relations and discussions are sincere.'
“我很高兴这样一个和谐并揭露真相的过程正在慢慢进行，”他说。“这是第一次让我感觉到我们的关系和探讨是出自真心的行动。”
However, Jaroslaw Kaczynski, head of the conservative opposition Law and Justice party, said he still wants Russia to offer a full apology and compensation.
但是保守派在野的正义党主席Kaczynski表示他仍然希望俄罗斯提供全面的道歉和相应赔偿。
A U.S. historian who wrote a book about Katyn, hailed the Duma decision.
一位写过卡廷屠杀相关书籍的美国历史学家对这次国家杜马的决定表达出赞赏之意。
卡廷公墓
'I think this is part of a long process in which ultimately the Russian people will have to come to grips with their past,' Allen Paul, who authored 'Katyn: Stalin's Massacre and the Triumph of Truth,' told The Associated Press.
《卡廷：斯大林的屠杀和真相的胜利》一书的作者Allen Paul说：“我相信这是一个长期过程的第一步，而最终俄罗斯人民能真确对待他们的过去。”
在中国这片土地上，我们何时才能正视这些共产主义的巨头们？
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